Cliftonia monophylla, commonly known as the buckwheat tree or black titi, is an evergreen shrub or small tree native to the southeastern United States, particularly thriving in moist pine flatwoods, swamps, and along stream margins. It typically grows 3–10 meters tall and is recognized for its dense, glossy, dark green foliage composed of leathery, elliptic leaves. In early spring, the plant produces abundant racemes of small, fragrant white to pinkish flowers that resemble those of buckwheat, attracting bees and other pollinators. These blooms are followed by distinctive dark brown seed capsules that persist into fall and winter, adding seasonal interest. Cliftonia monophylla prefers acidic, sandy, or peaty soils and full sun to partial shade. Its tolerance for wet conditions and ornamental appeal make it an excellent choice for naturalistic plantings, rain gardens, and restoration projects in the southeastern coastal plain.
